Basic information about Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan, with a population of 6.5 million, is located in Central Asia. It is known for its significant natural gas reserves and desert landscapes. The country’s economy is heavily reliant on its energy sector, particularly natural gas exports.
Basic Statistics for Turkmenistan
| Category | Data |
|---|---|
| Total Area | 491,210 sq km |
| Population (2023 est.) | 6.5 million |
| Population Density | 14.4 per sq km |
| Capital City | Ashgabat |
| Major Languages | Turkmen (official), Russian |
| GDP (PPP) 2023 | $126.132 billion |
| GDP Per Capita (PPP) | $19,938 |
| GDP (Nominal) 2023 | $81.822 billion |
| GDP Per Capita (Nominal) | $12,934 |
| Gini Coefficient (1998) | 40.8 |
| Human Development Index (2022) | 0.744 |
| Currency | Turkmenistani Manat (TMT) |
| Time Zone | UTC +5 |
| Driving Side | Right |
| Calling Code | +993 |
| Internet TLD | .tm |
| Life Expectancy | 72.4 years |
| Literacy Rate | 99.7% |
Public Holidays in Turkmenistan
New Year’s Day: January 1
Memorial Day: January 12
International Women's Day: March 8
Navruz (New Year): March 21-22
Victory Day: May 9
Constitution and Flag Day: May 18
Gurban Bayram (Eid al-Adha): Date varies (Islamic calendar)
Independence Day: September 27
Day of Neutrality: December 12
Geography
Turkmenistan is characterized by its vast desert landscapes, including the Karakum Desert, which covers much of the country. It is bordered by Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Iran, and the Caspian Sea.
Government and Political System
Turkmenistan is a presidential republic with a strong centralized government. The President holds significant power, and the country has a single-party political system.
Economy Overview
Turkmenistan’s economy is dominated by natural gas exports. The country also has significant reserves of oil and various minerals, contributing to its economic structure.
Health and Safety
Travelers should have comprehensive travel insurance and be aware of limited healthcare facilities, especially in remote areas. Vaccinations for hepatitis A, typhoid, and other common diseases are recommended. Learn more about health and safety.
Education
Education in Turkmenistan is compulsory up to the secondary level. The country has several universities and institutions of higher education, focusing on various fields of study.
Environmental Concerns
Turkmenistan faces environmental challenges such as desertification and water scarcity. Efforts to address these issues include water management projects and conservation initiatives.
Cultural Etiquette and Norms
Turkmen culture places a high value on hospitality and respect for traditions. Visitors should dress modestly and be aware of customs, such as greeting with a slight bow.
Sources:
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
CIA World Factbook
Wikipedia
